Nazism and the Rise of Hitler (Part - 1)
Birth of Weimar Republic
During 1st World War (1914-1918) against
Allies Central Powers
Russia, US in 1917). Hungary, Turkey)
Initially it was seen that central Powers are winning but after the entry of the US, they lose.
New democratic governments were formed called Weimar Republic.
They were forced to sign a treaty of Versailles which made them unpopular.
Nazism and theRise of Hitler (Part - 1)
Treaty of Versailles and impact of WW-1 on germany -:
Lack overseas colonies.
A tenth of its population,
13% of territories,
75% of iron,
26% of cool,
Got Dimililitarised.
forced to pay compensation of £6 billion
The Allies occupied their resource rich area of Rhineland.
They were said to be responsible for war
Local people believe the Weimar Republic responsible for this.
Nazism and theRise of Hitler (Part - 1)
Effect of World War -:
Europe turned into debtors.
Soldiers come to be placed above citizens.
Great stress of need for men to be strong, masculine.
Media glorified trench life but the truth was the opposite.
Aggressive war propaganda and national honour occupied centre stage.
Support for dictatorship grew and democracy was not popular.
The Weimar Republic and their supporters who were mainly socialist, Catholics and democrats were mockingly called November criminals.
Nazism and theRise of Hitler (Part - 1)
Political Radicalism -:
With the birth of the Weimar Republic a new party of bolshevik style was formed named Spartacist League.
The Weimar Republic and Spartacist league both oppose each other.
Weimar Republic crushed their uprising with the help of a war veterans organization called Free cops.
The anguished Spartacist league later founded the communist Party of Germany.
So you have seen the political situation of Germany at that time. There was political instability in Germany at that time.
Nazism and theRise of Hitler (Part - 1)
Economic Crises-:
As Germany had to pay compensation in gold which depleted gold reserves at a time resources were scarce.
In 1923, Germany refused to pay it
So, French occupied its Ruhr area for coal
So, Germany retaliated with passive resistance and printed paper Currency recklessly.
Due to this German mark fell
In April US dollar = 24000 marks
July US dollar = 353,000 marks
August US dollar = 4,621,000 marks
December US dollar = 98,860,000 marks
The fig. run into trillions
Due to this, prices of goods soared causes hyperinflation
Eventually, the US intervened and built Germany out of the crisis by introducing the Dawes plan.
Nazism and theRise of Hitler (Part - 1)
The Year of Great Depression -:
The year between 1924 and 1928 saw stability.
Germany was dependent on the USA's loans.
In 1929, Wall Street Exchange crashed
On 24 Oct, 13 Million shares were sold.
This was the start of The Great Depression.
The USA's economy crashed.
Due to which Germany also gets worsley affected.
Nazism and theRise of Hitler (Part - 1)
Impact of Depression of on Germany
Industrial production reduced to 40%.
Huge unemployment (6 Million were unemployed)
Placards on the neck of people saying 'Willing to do work'.
This leads to criminal activities.
So, it is clearly seen that this had hit the economy worsley and almost all businesses were greatly affected.
Nazism and theRise of Hitler (Part - 1)
Political Impact of Depression of Germany
The Weimar Republic was fragile.
Weimar constitution also have some defects-:
Proportional Representation
Article 48, which gave the President power to impose emergency and rule by decree.
All these conditions give an opportunity to Nazism and the Rise of Hitler.
Now, I will discuss the left chapter in another part. This is the first part of notes. If you want to ask anything please comment and if you like it please share it.
Below there are definitions and important dates of this part of Nazism and the rise of hitler.
Definitions
1. Reichstag - German Parliament during Weimar Republic time.
2. Treaty of versailles - Harsh treaty signed by germans with allies
3. Deplete - Reduce
4 Reparation - Make up for a wrong done
5. Hyperinflation - Situation when price phenomenally high
6. Wall Street Exchange - Name of the world biggest stock exchange USA
7. Proletarianisation - Te become impoverished to the level of the working class.
Nazism and theRise of Hitler (Part - 1)
Important Dates
First World War -(1914-1918)
US entry in 1st World War -1917
Rhineland occupied by France - 1920
Germany refused to pay compensation - 1923
Great Economic Depression - 1929-1932
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